殺人博物館〜ロバート・ハンセン
1979—1981• 1985—1991• 1992—2001 Codename Ramon Garcia, Jim Baker, G. Robertson, Graysuit, "B" Robert Philip Hanssen born April 18, 1944 is a former FBI agent who spied for and intelligence services against the United States from 1979 to 2001. His espionage was described by the as "possibly the worst intelligence disaster in U. history. " He is currently serving 15 consecutive at , a federal near. In 1979, three years after joining the FBI, Hanssen approached the Soviet to offer his services, launching his first espionage cycle, which lasted until 1981. Hanssen restarted his espionage activities in 1985 and continued until 1991 when he broke off communications during the , fearing he would be exposed. He restored communications the next year and continued until his arrest. Throughout his spying, Hanssen remained anonymous to the Russians. Hanssen sold thousands of classified documents to the that detailed U. strategies in the event of nuclear war, developments in military weapons technologies, and aspects of the U. counterintelligence program. He was spying at the same time as in the CIA. Both Ames and Hanssen compromised the names of KGB agents working secretly for the United States, some of whom were executed for their betrayal. Hanssen also revealed a multimillion-dollar eavesdropping tunnel built by the FBI under the. After Ames's arrest in 1994, some of these intelligence breaches still remained unsolved. Hanssen was arrested on February 18, 2001, at near his home in after leaving a package of classified materials at a site. He was charged with selling U. 4 million in cash and diamonds over a 22-year period. To avoid the , he pleaded guilty to 14 counts of and one of to commit espionage. He was sentenced to 15 life terms without the possibility of. Contents• Early life [ ] Hanssen was born in , , to a family who lived in the community. His father Howard, a , was to Hanssen during his childhood. He graduated from in 1962 and went on to attend in , Illinois, where he earned a in in 1966. Hanssen applied for a position in the , but was rebuffed due to budget setbacks. He enrolled in at but switched his focus to business after three years. Hanssen received an in accounting and in 1971 and took a job with an accounting firm. He quit after one year and joined the Chicago Police Department as an investigator, specializing in. In January 1976, he left the police department to join the. Hanssen met Bernadette "Bonnie" Wauck, a staunch , while attending dental school at Northwestern. The couple married in 1968, and Hanssen converted from to his wife's Catholicism. Hanssen embraced his conversion, and went on to join the Catholic organization with like-minded individuals. FBI career and first espionage activities 1976—1981 [ ] Upon becoming a special agent on January 12, 1976, Hanssen was transferred to the FBI's , , field office. In 1978, Hanssen and his growing family of three children and eventually six moved to when the FBI transferred him to its field office there. The next year, Hanssen was moved into and given the task of compiling a database of intelligence for the Bureau. In 1979, Hanssen approached the Soviet and offered his services. He never indicated any political or ideological motive for his actions, telling the FBI after he was caught that his only motivation was financial. During his first espionage cycle, Hanssen provided a significant amount of information to the GRU, including details of the FBI's bugging activities and lists of suspected Soviet intelligence agents. His most important leak was the betrayal of , a informant who passed enormous amounts of information to American intelligence while rising to the rank of General in the. For unknown reasons, the Soviets did not act against Polyakov until he was betrayed a second time by CIA in 1985. Polyakov was arrested in 1986 and executed in 1988. Ames was officially blamed for giving Polyakov's name to the Soviets, while Hanssen's attempt was not revealed until after his 2001 capture. FBI counterintelligence unit, further espionage activities 1985—1991 [ ] "Ellis" dead drop site in used by Hanssen, including on the day of his arrest In 1981, Hanssen was transferred to in and moved to the suburb of ,. His new job in the FBI's budget office gave him access to information involving many different FBI operations. This included all the FBI activities related to and , which were Hanssen's responsibility. He became known in the Bureau as an expert on computers. Three years later, Hanssen transferred to the FBI's Soviet analytical unit, which was responsible for studying, identifying, and capturing Soviet spies and intelligence operatives in the United States. Hanssen's section was in charge of evaluating Soviet agents who volunteered to give intelligence to determine whether they were genuine or. In 1985, Hanssen was again transferred to the FBI's field office in New York, where he continued to work in counter-intelligence against the Soviets. It was after the transfer, while on a business trip back to Washington, that he resumed his career in espionage. In the letter, he gave the names of three KGB agents secretly working for the FBI: , Valery Martynov, and Sergei Motorin. Although Hanssen was unaware of it, all three agents had already been exposed earlier that year by Ames. Yuzhin had returned to Moscow in 1982, and had been put under intensive investigation by the KGB there due to having lost a concealed camera in the Soviet consulate in San Francisco, but he was not arrested until being exposed by Ames and Hanssen. Martynov and Motorin were recalled to , where they were arrested, charged, tried, and convicted of espionage against the USSR. Martynov and Motorin were condemned to death and executed via a gun-shot to the back of the head. Yuzhin was imprisoned for six years before he was released under a general amnesty to political prisoners, and subsequently emigrated to the U. Because the FBI blamed Ames for the leak, Hanssen was not suspected nor investigated. The October 1 letter was the beginning of a long, active espionage period for Hanssen. During this time he lived in the suburban town of Yorktown Heights north of New York City. [ ] Hanssen was recalled yet again to Washington in 1987. He was given the task of making a study of all known and rumored penetrations of the FBI in order to find the man who had betrayed Martynov and Motorin; this meant that he was looking for himself. Hanssen ensured that he did not unmask himself with his study, but in addition, he turned over the entire study—including the list of all Soviets who had contacted the FBI about FBI moles—to the KGB in 1988. That same year, Hanssen, according to a government report, committed a "serious security breach" by revealing secret information to a Soviet during a debriefing. The agents working underneath him reported this breach to a supervisor, but no action was taken. In 1989, Hanssen compromised the FBI investigation of , a official who had come under suspicion for espionage. Hanssen warned the KGB that Bloch was under investigation, causing the KGB to abruptly break off contact with Bloch. The FBI was unable to produce any hard evidence, and as a result, Bloch was never charged with a crime, although the State Department later terminated his employment and denied his. The failure of the Bloch investigation and the FBI's investigation of how the KGB found out they were investigating Bloch drove the mole hunt that eventually led to the arrest of Hanssen. Later that year, Hanssen handed over extensive information about American planning for MASINT , an umbrella term for intelligence collected by a wide array of electronic means, such as , spy satellites, and signal intercepts. When the Soviets began construction on a new embassy in 1977, the FBI dug a tunnel beneath their decoding room. The FBI planned to use it for eavesdropping, but never did for fear of being caught. On two occasions, Hanssen gave the Soviets a complete list of American. In 1990, Hanssen's brother-in-law, Mark Wauck, who was also an FBI employee, recommended to the Bureau that Hanssen be investigated for espionage; this came after Bonnie Hanssen's sister Jeanne Beglis had found a pile of cash sitting on a dresser in the Hanssens' house. Bonnie had previously told her brother that Hanssen once talked about retiring in , then part of the. Wauck also knew that the FBI was hunting for a mole and so spoke with his supervisor, who took no action. Later FBI career, continued espionage activities 1992—2001 [ ] When the in December 1991, Hanssen, possibly worried that he could be exposed during the ensuing political upheaval, broke off communications with his handlers for a time. The following year, after the took over the defunct USSR's spy agencies, Hanssen made a risky approach to the GRU, with whom he had not been in contact in ten months. He went in person to the and physically approached a GRU officer in the parking garage. Hanssen, carrying a package of documents, identified himself by his Soviet , "Ramon Garcia," and described himself as a "disaffected FBI agent" who was offering his services as a spy. The Russian officer, who evidently did not recognize the code name, drove off. The Russians then filed an official protest with the State Department, believing Hanssen to be a triple agent. Despite having shown his face, disclosed his code name, and revealed his FBI affiliation, Hanssen escaped arrest when the Bureau's investigation into the incident did not advance. Hanssen continued to take risks in 1993, when he hacked into the computer of a fellow FBI agent, Ray Mislock, printed out a classified document from Mislock's computer, and took the document to Mislock, saying, "You didn't believe me that the system was insecure. " His superiors were not amused and launched an investigation. In the end, officials believed Hanssen's claim that he was merely demonstrating flaws in the FBI's security system. Mislock has since theorized that Hanssen probably went onto his computer to see if his superiors were investigating him for espionage, and invented the document story to cover his tracks. In 1994, Hanssen expressed interest in a transfer to the new , which coordinated counter-intelligence activities. When told that he would have to take a test to join, Hanssen changed his mind. Three years later, convicted FBI mole told the Bureau that he suspected Hanssen was dirty due to the Mislock incident. Pitts was the second FBI agent to mention Hanssen by name as a possible mole, but superiors were still unconvinced. No action was taken. IT personnel from the National Security Division's IIS Unit were sent to investigate Hanssen's desktop computer following a reported failure. NSD chief Johnnie Sullivan ordered the computer impounded after it appeared to have been tampered with. A digital investigation found that an attempted hacking had taken place using a program installed by Hanssen, which caused a security alert and lockup. Following confirmation by the FBI CART Unit, Sullivan filed a report with the Office of Professional Responsibility requesting further investigation of Hanssen's attempted hack. Hanssen claimed that he was attempting to connect a color printer to his computer, but needed the password cracker to bypass the administrative password. The FBI believed his story and Hanssen was let off with a warning. During the same time period, Hanssen searched the FBI's internal computer case record to see if he was under investigation. He was indiscreet enough to type his own name into FBI search engines. Finding nothing, Hanssen decided to resume his spy career after eight years without contact with the Russians. He established contact with the the successor to the Soviet-era KGB in the fall of 1999. He continued to perform highly incriminating searches of FBI files for his own name and address. Investigation and arrest [ ] The existence of two Russian moles working in the U. security and intelligence establishment simultaneously—Ames at the CIA and Hanssen at the FBI—complicated counterintelligence efforts in the 1990s. Ames was arrested in 1994; his exposure explained many of the asset losses American intelligence suffered in the 1980s, including the arrest and execution of Martynov and Motorin. However, two cases—the Bloch investigation and the embassy tunnel—stood out and remained unsolved. Ames had been stationed in at the time of the Bloch investigation, and could not have had knowledge of that case or of the tunnel under the embassy, as he did not work for the FBI. The FBI and CIA formed a joint mole-hunting team in 1994 to find the suspected second intelligence leak. They formed a list of all agents known to have access to cases that were compromised. The FBI's codename for the suspected spy was "Graysuit. " Some promising suspects were cleared, and the mole hunt found other penetrations such as CIA officer. However, Hanssen escaped notice. By 1998, using FBI criminal profiling techniques, the pursuers zeroed in on an innocent man: , a CIA operative involved in the Bloch investigation. The CIA and FBI searched his house, tapped his phone and put him under surveillance, following him and his family everywhere. In November 1998, they had a man with a foreign accent come to Kelley's door, warn him that the FBI knew he was a spy and tell him to show up at a station the next day in order to escape. Kelley instead reported the incident to the FBI. In 1999, the FBI even interrogated Kelley, his ex-wife, two sisters and three children. All denied everything. He was eventually placed on administrative leave, where he remained until after Hanssen was arrested. FBI investigators later made progress during an operation in which they paid off disaffected Russian intelligence officers to deliver information on moles. " While it did not contain Hanssen's name, among the information was an audiotape of a July 21, 1986, conversation between "B" and KGB agent Aleksander Fefelov. FBI agent Michael Waguespack felt the voice was familiar, but could not remember who it was. Rifling through the rest of the files, they found notes of the mole using a quote from General about "the purple-pissing Japanese. " FBI analyst Bob King remembered Hanssen using that same quote. Waguespack listened to the tape again and recognized the voice as belonging to Hanssen. With the mole finally identified, locations, dates and cases were matched with Hanssen's activities during the time period. Two fingerprints collected from a trash bag in the file were analyzed and proved to be Hanssen's. Hanssen's mug shot, taken on the day of his arrest The FBI placed Hanssen under surveillance and soon discovered that he was again in contact with the Russians. In order to bring him back to FBI headquarters, where he could be closely monitored and kept away from sensitive data, they promoted him in December 2000 and gave him a new job supervising FBI computer security. In January 2001, Hanssen was given an office and an assistant, , who in reality was a young FBI surveillance specialist who had been assigned to watch Hanssen. O'Neill ascertained that Hanssen was using a to store his information. When O'Neill was able to briefly obtain Hanssen's PDA and have agents download and decode its encrypted contents, the FBI had its ". " During his final days with the FBI, Hanssen began to suspect that something was wrong; in early February 2001 he asked his friend at a computer technology company for a job. He also believed he was hearing noises on his car radio that indicated that it was bugged, although the FBI was later unable to reproduce the noises Hanssen claimed to have heard. In the last letter he wrote to the Russians, which was picked up by the FBI when he was arrested, Hanssen said that he had been promoted to a "... outside of regular access to information," and that, "Something has aroused the sleeping tiger. " Foxstone Park, where Hanssen was arrested However, his suspicions did not stop him from making one more. After dropping his friend off at the airport on February 18, 2001, Hanssen drove to Virginia's. He placed a white piece of tape on a park sign, which was a signal to his Russian contacts that there was information at the dead drop site. He then followed his usual routine, taking a package consisting of a sealed garbage bag of classified material and taping it to the bottom side of a wooden footbridge over a creek. When FBI agents spotted this highly incriminating act, they rushed in to catch Hanssen red-handed and arrest him. Upon being arrested, Hanssen asked, "What took you so long? " The FBI waited two more days to see if any of Hanssen's SVR handlers would show up at Foxstone Park. When they failed to appear, the Justice Department announced the arrest on February 20. Guilty plea and imprisonment [ ] Hanssen behind bars in With the representation of Washington lawyer , Hanssen negotiated a that enabled him to escape the in exchange for cooperating with authorities. On July 6, 2001, he pleaded guilty to 14 counts of espionage and one of conspiracy to commit espionage in the. On May 10, 2002, he was sentenced to fifteen consecutive sentences of without the possibility of parole. "I apologize for my behavior. I am shamed by it," Hanssen told U. District Judge. "I have opened the door for against my totally innocent wife and children. I have hurt so many deeply. " Hanssen is prisoner 48551-083. He is serving his sentence at the , a federal near , , in for twenty-three hours a day. Modus operandi [ ] Hanssen never told the KGB or GRU his identity and refused to meet them personally, with the exception of the abortive 1993 contact in the Russian embassy parking garage. The FBI believes that the Russians never knew the name of their source. Going by the alias "Ramon" or "Ramon Garcia," Hanssen exchanged intelligence and payments through an old-fashioned dead drop system in which he and his KGB handlers left packages in public, unobtrusive places. He refused to use the dead drop sites that his handler, , suggested and instead picked his own. He also designated a code to be used when dates were exchanged. Six was to be added to the month, day, and time of a designated drop time, so that, for example, a drop scheduled for January 6 at 1 pm would be written as July 12 at 7 pm. Despite these efforts at caution and security, he could at times be reckless. He once said in a letter to the KGB that it should emulate the management style of — a comment that easily could have led an investigator to look at people from Chicago. He took the risk of recommending to his handlers that they try to recruit his closest friend, a colonel in the. Personal life [ ] According to , those who knew the Hanssens described them as a close family. They attended weekly and were very active in. Hanssen's three sons attended in , an all-boys. His several daughters attended in , an independent school. Both schools are associated with Opus Dei. Hanssen's wife Bonnie still teaches at Oakcrest. A priest at Oakcrest said that Hanssen had regularly attended a 6:30 a. daily mass for more than a decade. Opus Dei member Father said he also occasionally attended the daily noontime mass at the Catholic Information Center in downtown Washington. After going to prison, Hanssen claimed he periodically admitted his espionage to priests in. He urged fellow Catholics in the Bureau to attend mass more often and denounced the Russians, even though he was spying for them, as "godless". However, at Hanssen's suggestion, and without the knowledge of his wife, a friend named Jack Horschauer, a retired Army officer, would sometimes through a bedroom window. Hanssen then began to secretly videotape his sexual encounters and shared the videotapes with Horschauer. Later, he hid a video camera in the bedroom that was connected via closed-circuit television line so that his friend could observe the Hanssens from his guest bedroom. He also explicitly described the sexual details of his marriage on Internet chat rooms, giving information sufficient for those who knew them to recognize the couple. Hanssen frequently visited D. strip clubs and spent a great deal of time with a Washington named Priscilla Sue Galey. She went with Hanssen on a trip to and on a visit to the FBI training facility in. He gave her money, jewels, and a used , but cut off contact with her before his arrest, when she fell into drug abuse and. Galey claims that although she offered to sleep with him, Hanssen declined, saying that he was trying to convert her to Catholicism. In the media [ ] The story is mentioned in 's book The Secrets of the FBI, both in Chapter 15, "Catching Hanssen," and Chapter 16, "Breach. " [ ] He was the subject of a 2002 made-for-television movie, , with the teleplay by and starring as Hanssen. Hanssen's jailers allowed him to watch this movie, but he was so angered by it that he turned it off. Eric O'Neill's role in the capture of Robert Hanssen was dramatized in the 2007 film , in which played the role of Hanssen and played O'Neill. The 2007 documentary Superspy: The Man Who Betrayed the West describes the hunt to trap Hanssen. Hanssen is mentioned in chapter 5 of 's book , as the most noted Opus Dei member to non-members. Because of his sexual deviancy and espionage conviction, the organization's reputation was badly hurt. The American Court TV now television series Mugshots released an episode on the Robert Hanssen case titled "Robert Hanssen - Hanssen and the KGB". The investigation is covered in Eric O'Neill's memoir , published by Penguin Random House in spring 2019. wrote. Robert's story was featured in episode 4, under the name of "Perfect Traitor", of 's series Spy Wars, aired end of 2019 and narrated by. Notes [ ]• fas. org. Retrieved March 19, 2011. Federal Bureau of Prisons. United States Department of Justice. Retrieved April 20, 2020. BOP Register Number: 48551-083• Commission for Review of FBI Security Programs. March 2002. Retrieved October 26, 2019. Department of Justice , August 14, 2003• Havill, Adrian. crimelibrary. com. Archived from on September 7, 2007. Retrieved September 10, 2007. , p. July 6, 2001. Retrieved February 22, 2007. United States Department of Justice Report. July 6, 2001. Retrieved February 22, 2007. Havill, Adrian. " April 24, 2012, at the. " Robert Philip Hanssen: The Spy who Stayed out in the Cold. Retrieved April 11, 2012. , p. Adrian Havill, , February 11, 2007, at the. Retrieved February 6, 2007. Dolores Flaherty, Chicago Sunday-Times 2003 November 23. Retrieved February 6, 2007• Risen, James May 16, 2002. The New York Times. , pp. 18—19• , p. , pp. 21—24• , pp. 28—33• , pp. 37—38• , pp. 50—51• Lynch, Christopher, The C. Desk: FBI and CIA Counterintelligence As Seen From My Cubicle Dog Ear Publishing 2010• , pp. 56—57• , pp. 3—4, 67—68, 82—83• , pp. 111—119• , p. 246• , p. , pp. 98—110• , p. 159• , pp. 120—128. , p. 141• , p. 160• , pp. 160—161• , pp. 176—177• , p. 181• , p. 188• , pp. 190—192• March 5, 2001. Retrieved October 31, 2010. , p. 170• , p. 173• , pp. 205—213• Stein, Jeff November 1, 2018. Newsweek. com. Newsweek. Retrieved November 1, 2018. February 4, 2007. Retrieved April 8, 2018. , p. 140• , pp. 218—228• , p. 251• Schiller 260• January 31, 2007. Retrieved October 26, 2019. December 27, 2002. Archived from on February 20, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2007. October 1, 2003. Retrieved January 31, 2007. , pp. 236—239• , pp. 7—8• , pp. 246—247• May 10, 2002. Laura Sullivan, July 26, 2006. Retrieved February 15, 2007. Retrieved January 5, 2010. , p. , p. 165• , p. , p. 230• , p. 137• , p. 138• CI Centre. Archived from on February 4, 2007. Retrieved February 20, 2007. CS1 maint: archived copy as title. Retrieved February 20, 2007• Faculty and Staff Directory for Oakcrest School for Girls• , p. , pp. 85—89• , pp. 252—253• , American Morning with Paula Zahn January 8, 2002. Retrieved January 31, 2007. , p. 149• CNN. Retrieved December 11, 2006. , p. 302• IMDB Movie Database. Retrieved March 6, 2015. Brown, Dan March 31, 2009. The Da Vinci Code. Chapter 5. CS1 maint: location• FilmRise. December 1, 2013. Archived from on October 6, 2017. Retrieved November 8, 2017. O'Neill, Eric 2019. Gray day : my undercover mission to expose America's first cyber spy First ed. New York. References and further reading [ ]• ; Feifer, Gregory 2005 , Spy Handler: Memoir of a KGB Officer — The True Story of the Man Who Recruited Robert Hanssen and Aldrich Ames, Basic Books,• 2002 , The Spy Who Stayed Out in the Cold: The Secret Life of FBI Double Agent Robert Hanssen, St. Martin's Paperbacks,• 2004 , Into The Mirror: The Life Of Master Spy Robert P. Hanssen, Diane Pub Co. Shannon, Elaine; Blackman, Ann 2002 , , Little, Brown and Co. 2001 , The Bureau and the Mole: The Unmasking of Robert Philip Hanssen, the Most Dangerous Double Agent in FBI History, Grove Publishers,• 2003 , , ,• 2003 , , U. Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General ;• Vise, David A. January 6, 2002 , "From Russia With Love... ", The Washington Post• Lynch, Christopher 2010 , The C. Desk: FBI and CIA Counterintelligence As Seen From My Cubicle, Dog Ear Publishing,• ; 2018 , Best of Enemies: The Last Great Spy Story of the Cold War, , External links [ ].
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